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Battle of Imbros
The Battle of Imbros was a naval action that took place during the First World War. The battle occurred on 20 January 1918 when an Ottoman squadron engaged a flotilla of the British Royal Navy off the island of Imbros in the Aegean Sea. A lack of heavy Allied warships in the area allowed the Ottoman battlecruiser and light cruiser to sortie into the Mediterranean and attack the British monitors and destroyers at Imbros before assaulting the naval base at Mudros.
Although the Ottoman forces managed to complete their objective of destroying the British monitors at Imbros, the battle turned sour for them as they sailed through a minefield while withdrawing. ''Midilli'' was sunk and ''Yavûz Sultân Selîm'' heavily damaged. Although ''Yavûz Sultân Selîm'' managed to beach herself within the Dardanelles, she was subjected to days of air attacks until she was towed to safety. With the most modern cruiser of the Ottoman Navy sunk and her only battlecruiser out of action, the battle effectively curtailed the Ottoman Navy's offensive capability until the end of the war.
==Prelude==
By January 1918, the situation for the Ottoman Army in Palestine had begun to falter. The new German commander of the Ottoman Black Sea fleet, Rebeur Paschwitz, decided to try to relieve Allied naval pressure on Palestine by making a sortie out of the Dardanelles.〔Halpern 1994, p. 255.〕 Several British naval elements of the Aegean Squadron had been taking refuge in Kusu Bay off the islands of Imbros, and they were a prime target for an Ottoman raid. After raiding what shipping could be found at Imbros, Rebeur-Paschwitz would then turn to Mudros and attack the British naval base there.〔Jameson 2004, p. 89.〕 The Allied force guarding the Dardanelles consisted of a few heavy British and French units as well as several monitors tasked with coastal bombardment. Escorting the monitors were several British destroyers. The pre-dreadnought battleships and were also tasked with guarding the area, but the ''Lord Nelson'' had been tasked with ferrying the squadron's admiral to a conference at Salonika. Taking advantage of the absence of the British battleship, the Germans and Ottomans decided to dispatch the battlecruiser ''Yavûz Sultân Selîm'' (ex-) and the light cruiser ''Midilli'' (ex-) to attack the area.〔 The Allied forces at Imbros on 20 January consisted of the monitors and as well as the s and .〔Chisholm 1922, p. 1082.〕 ''Agamemnon'' was nearby at Mudros, but she was much too slow to chase down the Ottoman ships if they wanted to avoid engaging her.〔
Without the ''Agamemnon'' and ''Lord Nelson'' the British were severely undergunned in comparison to the Ottoman ships. The ''Tigress'' and ''Lizard'' both were armed with two 4-inch guns, two 12 pounders, and two 21-inch torpedo tubes. They were swift ships capable of making 27 knots at best speed. The two monitors present at Imbros were better suited for coastal bombardment than naval combat, though their heavy guns gave them an element of firepower the destroyers lacked. ''Raglan'', an , was armed with two 14-inch guns, two 6-inch guns, and two 3-inch guns.〔Gardiner 1985, p. 44.〕 ''M28'' was a smaller vessel than ''Raglan'' and as such carried a lighter armament sporting a single 9.2-inch cannon, one 12 pounder, as well as a six pounder anti-aircraft gun. The biggest weak point of both ''Raglan'' and ''M28'' were their low top speeds of 7 and 11 knots respectively, giving them little capability to escape an Ottoman raid. In contrast to the British force, the Ottoman vessels were both fast and heavily armed. ''Midilli'' sported eight 150 mm cannons, 120 mines, two torpedo tubes, and a top speed of 25 knots.〔Groner 1990, p. 107.〕 ''Yavûz Sultân Selîm'' was the most powerful ship in the Ottoman fleet with a top speed of 25.5 knots, ten 283 mm guns, twelve 150 mm guns, a dozen 8.8-centimetre guns, and four torpedo tubes.〔Groner 1990, p. 54.〕 Thus, with no heavy units available to repel them, there was little in the means of effective Allied opposition when the Ottomans set out on their mission.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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